Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Languages and Literature, Tarbiat Modarres University

2 Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers, Allameh Tabataba'i University

Abstract

The research aims to study international students' attitudes toward online courses and social media uses in Persian language learning and strengthening language skills during the pre- and post-corona virus spread. First, students' attitude toward e-learning, online courses, and use of social media in learning Persian language as a second language was measured to understand their willingness toward virtual courses in Tarbiat Modares and Allameh Ttabataba'I universities. We distributed the questionnaire once more after closing the universities and students' return to their countries and starting e-learning. Results show that after the closure of the universities due to the pandemic Corona virus and holding virtual Persian language courses, Persian students' attitudes at elementary, intermediate and advance levels toward learning Persian language and strengthening their language skills, as well as their overall attitude toward Persian language virtual learning have been improved. The highest rate of positive attitude is related to students at intermediate level and the lowest positive attitude rate belongs to advance level students..

Keywords

Main Subjects

بر‏هانی، فریبا؛ وطن‌پرست، محبوبه؛ عباس زاده، عباس و سیف‌الدینی، رستم (1391). تأثیر آموزش در محیط مجازی بر نگرش دانشجویان پرستاری نسبت به آموزش مجازی و ارتباط آن با سبک یادگیری. مجلۀ ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، ۱۲ (۷)، ۵۰۸-۵۱۷.
پورتیمور، سیما؛ همتی‏مسلک‏پاک، معصومه و جاسمی، مدینه (1397). بررسی تأثیر آموزش الکترونیکی بر آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد دانشجویان پرستاری در مورد پیشگیری از خطا‏های دارویی در بخش اطفال. مجلۀ پرستاری و مامایی. ۱۶ (۱) :۱۲-۲۱.
جهانیان، رمضان و اعتبار، شکوفه (1391). ارزیابی وضعیت آموزش مجازی در مراکز آموزش الکترونیکی دانشگاه‏های تهران از دیدگاه دانشجویان، فصلنامۀ فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی،2(4)، 65-53.
زمانی، بی‏بی‏عشرت و مدنی، سیداحمد (1390). راهبرد‏های افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی اساتید در آموزش‏‏های مجازی، مجلۀ MEDIA، شمارۀ 6، 39-50.
سعیدی نجات، شهین و وفایی‏نجار، علی (1390). تأثیر برنامه‌‌‏های آموزش از راه دور بر موفقیت تحصیلی دانشجویان. مجلۀ ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، ۱۱(۱):۱-۹.
صالح صدقپور، بهرام و میرزایی، شراره (1387). چالش‏‏های نگرشی اعضای هیئت علمی در آموزش الکترونیکی، نشریۀ فناوری آموزش، (پیاپی 9)، شمارۀ 1، 77-89.
قربانخانی، مهدی و صالحی، کیوان (1395). بازنمایی چالش‏های آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران: مطالعه‏ای با روش پدیدارشناسی. فصلنامۀ فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی،  7 (2)، 123-148.‏
قنبری، سالار؛ ضیایی، محمدصادق؛ رزقی شیرسوار، ‏‏هادی و مصلح، مریم (1398). ارائۀ مدل ارزیابی آموزش الکترونیکی در واحد الکترونیکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فصلنامۀ علمی - پژوهشی تحقیقات مدیریت آموزشی. 11(1)، (پیاپی 41)، 75-100.
کشاورز، محسن؛ اسماعیلی، زهره و رحیمی، محسن (1392). بررسی میزان تأثیر یادگیری الکترونیکی بر پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، فصلنامۀ علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، 1(2)، 13-22.
کواکوارلی، سیموندز (1399). تأثیر ویروس کرونا بر آموزش عالی جهان، ترجمۀ آریا متین. در مجموعه گزارش‏های بین‏المللی آموزش عالی و بحران کرونا، تهران: پژوهشکدۀ مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی. (تاریخ اصل اثر: 2020).
ملکشاهی، محبوبه و مقصودی، سمیه (1395). تأثیر آموزش الکترونیکی در برنامۀ درسی پنهان. نشریۀ مطالعات آموزشی مرکز مطالعات و توسعۀ آموزش پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش، 4 (2)، 14-21.
Amer, T. (2007). E-learning and education, Cairo: Dar Alshehab Publication.
Bahrani, T. (2011). Speaking fluency: Technology in EFL context or social interaction in ESL context. Studies in Literature and Language, 2(2), 162–168.
Beelen, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalisation at home. In A. Curai, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area: Between critical reflections and future policies (pp. 67-80), Dordrecht: Springer.
Chapelle, C., & Sauro, S. (eds.) (2017). The handbook of technology in second language teaching and learning. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Dalgarno, B. (2002). The Potential of 3D virtual learning environments: A constructivist analysis. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 5(2), 1-19.
Demaizi`ere, F., & Zourou, K. (2012). Social media and language learning: (r)evolution?, Apprentisage des Langues et Syst`emes d’Information et de Communication (Alsic [Online], Vol. 13, connection on 23 November 2020), 15(1), https://alsic.revues.org/1695.
Dickey, M. D. (2005). Three-dimensional virtual worlds and distance learning: Two case studies of active worlds as a medium for distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 439-451.
Farr, F., & Murray, L. (2016). The Routledge handbook of language learning and technology. London: Routledge.
Fazlul Haque, S.M. , & Mofareh Al Salem, N. (2019). Social media in EFL context: Attitudes of Saudi learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(5), 1029-1040.
Gaziano J., & Liesen L. (2012). Student attitudes toward online learning. Retrieved online  in May 25th 2020 from: pipl.com/directory/name/Gaziano/Joe.
Horton, W. (2011). E-learning by design. U.S.A.: Pfeiffer.
Hsu, S., Marques, O., Khalid Hamza, M. & Al-Halabi, B. (1999). How to design a virtual classroom: 10 easy steps to follow, T.H.E. Journal, 27(2), 96-109.
Huang HM, Rauch U, & Liaw Sh. (2010). Investigating learners’ attitudes toward virtual reality learning environments: Based on a constructivist approach. Computers & Education. 55(3),1171–1182.
Khan, I. U., Ayaz, M., & Faheem, M. (2016). The role of social media in development of English language vocabulary at University Level, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(12), 590-604
Lomicka, L. & G. Lord (2011). A tale of tweets: Analyzing microblogging among language learners, System, 40, 48–63.
Lomicka, L., & Lord, G. (eds.) (2009). The next generation: Social networking and online collaboration in foreign language learning. CALICO Monograph Series 9. San Marcos: CALICO.
McLellan, H. (2004). Virtual realities. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 461-497). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Means, B. (1994). Introduction: Using technology to advance education goals. In B. Means (Ed.), Technology and Education Reform: The Reality Behind the Promise. California: Jossey-Bass Inc.
Nilsson, B. (2000). Internationalising the Curriculum.  In Crowther, P., M. Joris, M. Otten, B. Nilsson, & B. Wächter (2000), Internationalisation at home: A position paper, (pp. 21–29) European Association for International Education (EAIE).
Prensky, M. (2006). Listen to the natives: School should improve teaching. Educational Leadership, 63(4), 8–13
Quacquarelli, S. (2020). The impact of the coronavirus on global higher education (A. Matin, Trans). In Collection of International Reports on Higher Education and Coronavirus Crisis, Tehran, Iran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies.
Reinhardt, J. (2012). Accommodating divergent frameworks in analysis of technology-mediated interaction. In M. Dooly & R. O’Dowd (eds.), Researching online interaction and exchange in foreign language education: Current trends and issues (pp.45–77). Frankfurt: Peter Lang,
Reinhardt, J. (2019). Social media in second and foreign language teaching and learning: Blogs, wikis, and social networking. Language Teaching, 52(1), 1-39. doi:10.1017/S0261444818000356.
Schacter, J. (1999). The impact of education technology on student achievement: What the most current research has to say. Santa Monica, CA: Milken Exchange on Education Technology, Milken family foundation.
Schwienhorst, K. (2002). Native-speaker/non-native-speaker discourse in the MOO: Topic negotiation and initiation in a synchronous text-based environment. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 17(1), 35-50.
Seo, K. (2013). Using social media effectively in the classroom: blogs, wikis, twitter, and more. Rutledge. New York and London.
Shih, R. (2011). Can Web 2.0 technology assist college students in learning English writing? Integrating Facebook and peer assessment with blended learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(5), 829–845.
Sreb (Southern Regional Education Board). (2009). Guidelines for professional development of online teachers. Atlanta, Ga.: SREB. Retrieved March 2011, http://publications.sreb.org/2009/09T01_Guide_profdev_online_teach.pdf.
Teo TK. (2008). Assessing the computer attitudes of students: An Asian perspective. Computers in Human Behavior. 24(4), 1634–1642.
Teo, T, & Noyes J. (2008). Development and validation of a computer attitude measure for young students (CAMYS). Computers in Human Behavior. 24(6), 2659–2667.
Van Lier, L. (2004). The ecology and semiotics of language learning. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Vuorela M, & Nummenmaa L. (2004). How undergraduate students meet a new learning environment? Computers in Human Behavior, 20(6), 763–777.
Wang, A., & Newlin, M. (2001). Online lectures: Benefits for the virtual classroom. T.H.E. Journal. Retrieved from http://www.thejournal.com/articles/15513
Wang, S., & C. V´asquez (2012). Web 2.0 and second language learning: What does the research tell us? CALICO Journal, 29(3), 412–430.
Warschauer, M. (ed.) (1996). Telecollaboration in foreign language learning. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Yaghoubi J. (2009). Assessment of agricultural extension and education graduate students' perceptions of elearning in Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 1(1), 1914–1918.
Zaki Aljadili, M. (2004). The effectiveness of using virtual classes on developing the tenth graders' speaking skills and their Speaking Anxiety. M.A. Thesis, the Islamic University-Gaza.
Zhang, C., & Zigurs, I. (2008). Learning in virtual worlds: Understanding its impact on social and cognitive processes in learning (Paper 6). MWAIS 2008 Proceedings. Retrieved from aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&content =mwais2008.