Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Farzane Sadat Hashemi ¹
• Faranak Ashrafi ²
• Fariba Ashrafi ³

¹ PhD student, Department of French Language and Literature, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Assistant Professor of French Language, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor of French Language, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad and Honoré de Balzac are two important and renowned authors in Persian and French literature who portrayed the society of their day and the important social issues of that time in two works by the "Nefrin-e-Zamin” and the "Peasants". In this paper, the structure of these two works and their social themes are examined from a sociological point of view and based on Lukács's theories. The main hypothesis in this article is based on the principle that to understand literature one must be aware of the social currents of which literature is a part. Literature is the product of economic and social trends. With social criticism the viewpoint of the audience expands. By examining these two works with Lukács's perspective and the comparative study method, it was found that the conditions governing the time of these two authors were somewhat similar in the creation of their work. Both have chosen their heroes from among the weakest strata of society. Both try to convey the facts to the reader by depicting the facts.

Keywords

• Al-e-Ahmad
• Balzac
• Lukács
• Farmers
• Fetishism
• Sociological criticism