Language & Media
Masood Ghayoomi
Abstract
In this research, an attempt is made to investigate the characteristics of Persian fake news related to Covid-19 by using statistical analysis. To this end, first, a language corpus containing reliable and fake news in Persian in the field of Corona is prepared. Then, the language patterns of these ...
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In this research, an attempt is made to investigate the characteristics of Persian fake news related to Covid-19 by using statistical analysis. To this end, first, a language corpus containing reliable and fake news in Persian in the field of Corona is prepared. Then, the language patterns of these two data sets, as well as two statistical analyzes of the amount of information and the readability of reliable and fake news, are examined and compared with each other. According to the exteracted information and the experimental results achieved from the developed corpus on COVID-19 fake news, there are common language patterns in these two datasets. Moreover, the amount of information in reliable news is more than fake news based on two measures of entropy and surprise. Based on the results, the readability level of the fake news is measured based on the readability formulas. According to the results, the text of fake news is simpler than real news. In the process of automatic labeling of reliable and fake news based on the level of difficulty, most news is recognized as simple texts. The results show that fake news is mostly simple and not difficult compared to reliable news. In addition to this achievement, to study linguistic properties of fake news statistically based on the information amount and readability, the applicablity of this statistical information was studied to detect fake news using machine learning methods.
Language & Media
Bahare Ghaderi nezhad; Mahnaz Karbalaei Sadegh; Hayat Ameri
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of pictorial metaphors in creating and conveying the message of citizen cartoons. For this purpose, in the form of a case study, seven cartoons on the topic of "booksand book-reading" related to 2019 were extracted from several Persian-language websites ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of pictorial metaphors in creating and conveying the message of citizen cartoons. For this purpose, in the form of a case study, seven cartoons on the topic of "booksand book-reading" related to 2019 were extracted from several Persian-language websites and have been analyzed based onConceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999; Lakoff, 1993) and Multimodal Metaphor Theory (Forceville, 1996, 2008, 2009). The main objectives of researchare what conceptual metaphors and pictorial metaphors have been used to express the concept of book-reading (or studying) and what their source domainsare. The results show that metaphors of ‘study is journey’, ‘study is agriculture’, ‘study is finding treasure’, ‘study is health (or life)’, ‘study is purification of mind’, ‘study is raining’ and ‘study is Light’are the underlying conceptual metaphors in the studied cartoons. In all these conceptual metaphors, the target domain (i.e. the study) is represented visually by the image of the book. The interaction between metaphor and metonymy plays a key role in the formation of pictorial metaphors and transmission of cartoon messages.
Language & Media
Zeynab Bavandpour; Parsa Bamshadi
Abstract
The present study explores the metaphorical source domains in football media discourse. To this end, the news headlines for eight Iranian sport newspapers including Hadaf, Khabar Varzeshi, Iran Varzeshi, Abrar Varzeshi, Gol, Pirouzi, Shoot and Esteghlal were selected in a three-month period from September ...
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The present study explores the metaphorical source domains in football media discourse. To this end, the news headlines for eight Iranian sport newspapers including Hadaf, Khabar Varzeshi, Iran Varzeshi, Abrar Varzeshi, Gol, Pirouzi, Shoot and Esteghlal were selected in a three-month period from September 2009 to the end of November 2010. The data were analyzed by conceptual metaphor framework (Lakoff, 1993; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999), and examined based on Kövecses’s view on metaphorical origin (Kuchsh, 2010). The results show that the most important sources of metaphorical domains are war, path, metaphysics, natural phenomena, animals, machines, games and sports, buildings, health and disease, art, light and darkness, school, power and politics, cooking and food, sea and marine activities, and plants. In general, metaphors in football news headlines have three major functions: a) getting the attention of the audience and encouraging them to read and follow it; b) facilitating the expression of complex and abstract concepts of football in an artistic and engaging manner by the media; c) helping the audience understand these concepts. These functions ultimately facilitate and reinforce the relationship between the media and the audience, and confirm Kövecses’s (2014) view that in addition to its cognitive function, metaphor has an important communicative role in discourse.
Language & Media
Shirin Pourebrahim
Abstract
Critical Metaphor Theory is an interdisciplinary approach in linguistic studies beginning with Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and introduced as a theory by Chartris-Black (2004). This research is to find the quality of election conceptualizations in Iran's Political Newspapers Headlines. Then, it attempts ...
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Critical Metaphor Theory is an interdisciplinary approach in linguistic studies beginning with Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and introduced as a theory by Chartris-Black (2004). This research is to find the quality of election conceptualizations in Iran's Political Newspapers Headlines. Then, it attempts to investigate how the two dominant political ideologies of reformism and fundamentalism function to legitimate the self and illegitimate the other candidates and ideology. To do so, Chilton's (2004) Deictic Dimension Model was used. The data were extracted from the election headlines of 12 political newspapers during a two-month period of 2017 presidential election. Having analyzed the data, the researcher found that there are three dominant election metaphors, namely: Election is a journey, Election is a battle, and Election is a sport competition in both reformist and fundamentalist' newspapers' headlines. The result of this study is significant in that it was found that THE SELF is conceptualized as now, here, and good, near the deictic center, though THE OTHER is spatially and temporally far from deictic center and its values. This paper shows that political structures and processes like SELF/ THE OTHER opposition obviously influence metaphorical conceptualizations.
Language & Media
Ali Karimi Firozjaei; Fateme Jamshidi
Abstract
Mass media pave the way for expressing social affairs and people’s lives at the national and international levels. As a powerful and influential tool, Cinema plays a significant role in attracting audiences to express social issues. Using Fairclaough model for critical discourse analysis and descriptive ...
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Mass media pave the way for expressing social affairs and people’s lives at the national and international levels. As a powerful and influential tool, Cinema plays a significant role in attracting audiences to express social issues. Using Fairclaough model for critical discourse analysis and descriptive and qualitative method, this research investigates one of the branches of sociolinguistics, namely, the impact of the gender on the representation of social issues in Rag-e-Khab. The population of this study is Iranian cinema movies, and Rage-e-Khab, selected through a purposive sampling method, was analyzed for the purpose of this study. The main questions are: How does the movie Rage-e-Khab represent gender? How are the men and women represented in the film's story? The findings of this study show that the female character of the story owes her luck to the presence of a man whom she does not know very well, and builds a world with her emotional and fragile beliefs stemming from her mistaken view of life. The man's character in the story betrays the woman and abuses her fragile psychological conditions after separation, and ultimately destroys the love in the woman, yet he remains in the life of the woman in the story. This woman represents a part of those in society who grew up unknowingly disregarding their surroundings and neglected the advice of the father, which was portrayed in the film as the society. As a result, women confronted with the bitter truth of deception and, ultimately, this internal collapse recreates them and makes them meaningful.
Language & Media
Farideh Haghbin; Narjes Monfared
Abstract
The present sociolinguistic research aimes to study the discourse of ambient billboards in Tehran in order to identify, by means of inter-semiotic cohesive devices, the aspects which lead to the development of meaning in this minimal medium. Accordingly, the present study attempts to address the question ...
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The present sociolinguistic research aimes to study the discourse of ambient billboards in Tehran in order to identify, by means of inter-semiotic cohesive devices, the aspects which lead to the development of meaning in this minimal medium. Accordingly, the present study attempts to address the question "How inter-textual elements of Tehran ambient billboards could create meaning in relating to intra-textual elements? In order to analyze and represent the unknown aspects of meaning, a mixed model with a multivariate approach has been used to analyze the intrinsic meta-analysis constructs at different levels and with respect to the intertextual links in the context. The data were collected using field and documentary method. After the data were collected through cluster random smapling, they were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The findings showed that the resemioticisation of non-peripheral text in the context of Tehran ambient billboards was influenced by features of urban areas or religious, historical, cultural or commercial sites, extending the dimensions of meaningfulness. Also, the resemioticisation of the texture of the position of the ambient billboards of Tehran was based on the reference to the structures of the texture of peripheral text, the development of texture in relation to the context of the perimeter position, and the presence of structures of the perimeter context in the text of the billboards, which has led to the expansion of the dimensions of the miniaturization of this minimal medium.
Language & Media
Hossein Kermani
Abstract
This article examines how users' narratives are formed and analyzed in Persian Twitter during the earthquake of Kermanshah in 2017. In addition, the prevalent narratives on Persian Twitter will also be identified in this event to determine which users' stories have been hegemonic on this social media. ...
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This article examines how users' narratives are formed and analyzed in Persian Twitter during the earthquake of Kermanshah in 2017. In addition, the prevalent narratives on Persian Twitter will also be identified in this event to determine which users' stories have been hegemonic on this social media. Given that the narratives formed on Twitter are still a new topic for scholars to research, a plausible theoretical framework cannot be found. For this reason, by first reviewing the views on narratives on Twitter, mainly the structuralist model of Luff and Waltzsky (Ochs and Capps' discussion of narrative qualities and narrative approach) is attempted to provide a good theoretical background for the analysis. Also, using the online platform Discovery Text, 23,964 tweets were collected in the first 24 hours after the Kermanshah earthquake in 2017. Then, 15% of the collected tweets were randomly selected and analyzed relying on the critical analysis method of social media discourse. The results showed that there were three types of narration on Twitter: single narratives, reference narratives, and associative narratives. Each of these narratives is discussed in detail in the paper. The results also showed that the reference narratives and the dominant associative narratives are often critical and political.
Language & Media
Zahra Jahanbani; farideh haghbin
Abstract
The present study aimed at critically analyzing two newspapers published in Iran and Pakistan and unraveling the views of the editorial boards of a Persian language newspaper and an Urdu language newspaper as a representative of two opposing political views in Saudi Arabia's stance toward Yemen. For ...
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The present study aimed at critically analyzing two newspapers published in Iran and Pakistan and unraveling the views of the editorial boards of a Persian language newspaper and an Urdu language newspaper as a representative of two opposing political views in Saudi Arabia's stance toward Yemen. For this purpose, 88 news articles in each corpus reporting the Yemeni crisis were randomly selected and analyzed based on Van Leeuwen’s (2008) model of social actors. The results showed that Hamshahri represents Saudi Arabia more with activation, negative appraisement and spatialization features to represent Saudia Arabi as an aggressive and criminal who plays an active role in making war and murder. On the other hand, Yemen is more represented with subjection, aggregation and association features to emphasize its unity and alliance between Yemen government and the Yemeni people. Also, it represents a unity between Shiite government and Yemen people as passive actors who are oppressed and attacked with many deaths and injuries. Jhang represents both Saudi Arabia and Yemen more with activation, spatialization and aggregation features, and the Houthis with the negative appraisement as rebels and warmongers. Also, Jhang represents Saudi Arabia repeatedly with instrumentalization and spatialization features in order to support Saudi Arabia by reducing its role and its responsibilities in the crisis.
Language & Media
Majid Rahimi Jafari; Behrouz Mahmoudi Bakhtiari; Hamid Reza shairih
Abstract
With regard to the advent of intermediality theory in the recent years, the objective of this study is to bring to the attention the breakdown of the theater discourse space into several forms of media spaces in order to understand their forms of participation in theater through the study of its intermedia ...
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With regard to the advent of intermediality theory in the recent years, the objective of this study is to bring to the attention the breakdown of the theater discourse space into several forms of media spaces in order to understand their forms of participation in theater through the study of its intermedia functions. The communication space will form in relation to the intermedia and collision of host and guest media. In such a communicative context, the primary features of communication may be maintained or make a transition to a new discourse. Accordingly, the paper provides a definition as well as a comparison/contrast of concepts such as media relations and media references, mixmediality, multimediality, transmediality and intermediality. There has always been confusion between concepts of intermedia and intertextuality to the extent that, at times, they have been mistakenly used interchangeably. This study discusses the emergence of intermedia theory and its status in art and media discourse analysis in the era of technology expansion, relying on some plays performed between 2011 and 2016.
Language & Media
S.A. Soltani; Z. Karami
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 9-20
Abstract
Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that can provide a linguistic perspective of society and culture. One of the important domains of popular culture is popular songs which have not been seriously studied so far from a sociolinguistic viewpoint in Iran. The lyrics of these songs are reflections ...
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Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that can provide a linguistic perspective of society and culture. One of the important domains of popular culture is popular songs which have not been seriously studied so far from a sociolinguistic viewpoint in Iran. The lyrics of these songs are reflections of the folklore in every society which makes their study worthwhile. Although such songs may have different themes but love has always been one of the key concepts and recurring themes in these songs. This study tries to find out how concept of love has been defined and reflected in the songs in the course of history. And more specifically, it tries to discover the chains of equivalence and the differences that are made along with them in these songs. To meet this end, from the perspective of Ernesto Lacalua and Chantal Mouffe’s post-structural discourse theory, specifically through their two concpets, ie chain of equivalence and chain of difference, it focuses on 16 Iranian love songs which were randomly chosen from among those songs performed by both male and female singers in between the years 1971 to 1979. The results show that the songs have availed from “the presence of nature”, “reference to the past”, “immortalization” and “the use of different fields of discursivity”, specially religious and political discourses, as a means of meaning fixation.
Language & Media
P. Bamshadi; Z. Mohammad Ebrahimi; Sh. Ansarian
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 48-56
Abstract
News texts, and specially news headlines, must be interesting and persuasive so that they can draw the addressee's attention and encourage him/her to study and follow the news. One way to achieve this goal is to use metaphor and metonymy in the language of media. Metaphor and metonymy, as two cognitive ...
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News texts, and specially news headlines, must be interesting and persuasive so that they can draw the addressee's attention and encourage him/her to study and follow the news. One way to achieve this goal is to use metaphor and metonymy in the language of media. Metaphor and metonymy, as two cognitive conceptual processes, have their root in thinking and conceptualization processes and are the integral parts of the human cognitive system. The present research explores the function and importance of metaphor and metonymy in Persian economic media discourse and tries to identify and explain the fundamental metaphors and metonymys in this field. Besides, possible hierarchical relations between them will be taken into consideration. The data include 700 headlines taken from: economic news headlines of “Donya-ye Eghtesad” newspaper in all its issue numbers in Azar 1394 A.P., economic news headlines of “Young Journalists Club” news agency and “Emruz Online” news portal in Azar 1394 A.P. The results indicate that the main conceptual metaphors in the economic discourse include: “Economy is a living being”, “Economy is human”, “Economy is a route”, “Economy is a space/container”, “Economy is a natural phenomenon”, “Economy is a car”, and “Economy is substance/ thing”. Moreover, some of the directional metaphors are significantly present in the language of economy.
