Research Paper
Dialectology
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Maasoum; Reza Heidarizadi
Abstract
Morgenstierne (1960) proposed a hypothesis about an ancient dialect in the south of Iran coexisting with Old Persian. As a piece of evidence for this, he pointed to the dialectal differences of words equivalent to the Persian word “šepeš” (louse) in Fars dialects, especially ...
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Morgenstierne (1960) proposed a hypothesis about an ancient dialect in the south of Iran coexisting with Old Persian. As a piece of evidence for this, he pointed to the dialectal differences of words equivalent to the Persian word “šepeš” (louse) in Fars dialects, especially its difference in Kalimi and Laristani dialects compared to other dialects of Fars. Based on what was recorded as “Ө” in place of “s” in some words, Rezai Baghbidi (2003) claimed that the Shirazi dialect recorded in poems in the classical texts is reminiscent of an ancient dialect different from Old Persian. Before these two, Henning (1934) had regarded the sound “Ө” (which later changed to “t”) in some Shirazi and Manichaean words as a change of the sound “s” that must have occurred in the late middle era of the Iranian history. Finally, this discussion shows that the Old Shirazi (or Fars) dialect hypothesis faces some questions, which if not answered, result in support for Henning’s hypothesis.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
Firoozeh َAsghari
Abstract
Verbal violence is one of the main topics in the field of sociolinguistic studies. The purpose of this research is to study the dimensions of gender-based verbal violence based on Culpeper's perspective. The participants in the research were female employees working in the institutions in Tehran, who ...
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Verbal violence is one of the main topics in the field of sociolinguistic studies. The purpose of this research is to study the dimensions of gender-based verbal violence based on Culpeper's perspective. The participants in the research were female employees working in the institutions in Tehran, who were selected based on purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and were subsequently categorized and analyzed based on Culpeper's social cognitive theory as a postmodern approach. The findings revealed both forms of verbal violence, namely, Bald On-record and Off-record, which include humiliation, insulting, blame-shifting, threatening, flirting, and, deceptive affection. Based on the findings, men use verbal violence purposefully, intentionally, and consciously, and women perceive verbal violence as rude, hostile, and irritating. Furthermore, women’s experience of gender-based verbal violence in the workplace shows that such behavior is a self-serving tool for men to benefit from gender stereotyping in order to attack women’s face, maintain and promote men’s face, advance their sexual harassment, and at the same time, excel in workplace competitions ahead of their women co-workers. The results also disclose how “language” that is affected by social norms, gender stereotypes, context, emotions, and individual desires can become more than a communicational tool, and be used as gender-based verbal violence in the workplace.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
Solmaz Mellatdoost; Mohamad Reza Ahmadkhani; Hamidreza Shairi; Ali Karimi Firooz jaee
Abstract
This study investigates the social status of the varieties of Iranian languages and dialects towards the perspective of the hidden cognitive realities of real language use within the framework of the lectal variation theory. Using this usage-based theory, researchers have explored the language speakers’ ...
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This study investigates the social status of the varieties of Iranian languages and dialects towards the perspective of the hidden cognitive realities of real language use within the framework of the lectal variation theory. Using this usage-based theory, researchers have explored the language speakers’ desire and tendency towards different language varieties considering the independent social variables of financial level of living and occupation. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire and interview were used in this study. Linguistic data were collected from a total of 314 participants selected semi-randomly among the language community of immigrants living in Tehran, with Turkish, Laki, Kurdish, Baluchi and Mazandarani languages as well as Mashhadi, Lori, Hamedani, Isfahani and Yazdi dialects. The Likert scale, Cronbach’s alpha, the Chi-square test, the P-value and one-dimensional student’s t-test were used in this study. According to the results, the use of non-standard varieties is more common among retired employees. Economically the lower strata have the highest use of non-standard varieties. 83.54 percent of the speakers of language varieties in Tehran prefer to use the standard language variety in daily conversation in the society. Considering the migration variable, using non-standard language varieties of first-generation immigrants is more common than the second-generation immigrants.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani; Abouzar Oraki; Afsaneh Bahramnejad
Abstract
Proverbs are rooted in the culture of any language and as a result, they can be considered as one of the criteria for measuring the main elements of language. The present study also seeks to investigate the usage of color words in Persian and English proverbs based on the theory of Berlin and Kay (1969) ...
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Proverbs are rooted in the culture of any language and as a result, they can be considered as one of the criteria for measuring the main elements of language. The present study also seeks to investigate the usage of color words in Persian and English proverbs based on the theory of Berlin and Kay (1969) so that the results are a criterion for measuring the taxonomic studies in relation to the main color words of these two languages. The theory of Berlin and Kay (1969) states that there is a hierarchy of 11 universal color words as the most obvious Universalist approach to color words. The results of this research showed that despite the existence of slight differences in the hierarchies of the main global color words, the hierarchies of the main Persian color words and the hierarchies of the main English color words with the hierarchies used in the present study, significant similarities can be observed both in their number and order. As a result, it is clear that the color words that have been introduced as the main color words of these two languages based on the theory of Berlin and Kay have been widely used in the culture of these two languages for a long time and have been in a way unknown, and entered the structure of proverbs. The comparative analysis also showed that although out of the total of 11 universal color words, 8 color words are used in Persian proverbs and 10 color words are used in English proverbs, the hierarchy of colors terms in Berlin and Kay (1969) are similar.
Research Paper
Language and Culture
Negar Davari Ardakani; Maryam Pournorouz; Fereshteh Bagheri; Marziyeh Kalantari
Abstract
It is more than two decades that culture has been taught as the fifth skill for foreign language learners. Ta’arof is a communicative strategy that Persian learners need to use in their very initial interactions with Iranian society i.e. a lack of its command may cause miscommunication. A review ...
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It is more than two decades that culture has been taught as the fifth skill for foreign language learners. Ta’arof is a communicative strategy that Persian learners need to use in their very initial interactions with Iranian society i.e. a lack of its command may cause miscommunication. A review of some of the most popular TPFL textbooks shows the need for a pedagogical and linguistic basis for teaching ta’arof. The present article is an attempt to provide such basis by portraying a relatively cohesive picture of ta’arof situations, functions and linguistic structures through investigating ta’arof in native-speakers’ daily conversations. In this research a corpus of ta’arof collected by Kalantari(1398) was explored on the basis of Koutlaki’s framework of politeness and ta’arof. The study distinguished nine situations of ta’arof i.e. conversation onset, reception, request and enquiry, gratitude, empathy and sympathy, appreciation and encouragement, donation and receiving gifts, states and actions, coming and going and conversation disclosure. Then the functions included in each situation and the linguistic structures used for expressing ta’arof were searched and listed The research took a preliminary step towards a grammar of ta’arof which could be used in compiling TPFL textbooks and facilitating ta’arof teaching and learning.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
Maryam Shahrokhi-shahraki
Abstract
Literature, with various possibilities, deals with creating and narrating creative stories by involving experience and senses, and most importantly, by involving the dynamic mind of the potential audience, and thus confronts writers and artists with many options in how to create art. The purpose of this ...
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Literature, with various possibilities, deals with creating and narrating creative stories by involving experience and senses, and most importantly, by involving the dynamic mind of the potential audience, and thus confronts writers and artists with many options in how to create art. The purpose of this research is the cognitive analysis of grounding in the discourse of the story based on the conceptual fusion networks of Fauconie and Turner. Using the qualitative content analysis method and descriptive-interpretive approach, the present study examines the methods of adaptation and the constituent elements of the mixed conceptual network of the story of my bird from Fariba and Wafi. Fusion theory presents a systematic conceptualization of behind-the-scenes cognition that includes categorization, mappings, structural projections, and dynamic mental stimuli. The existence of multiple input spaces, various vital relationships such as identity, change, time and representation are among the things that give the bird a conceptually mixed structure. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of paying attention to the mind in discourse studies and show the extension of the application of the theory of conceptual mixing to analysis. The discourse of the novel can be effective in explaining the basic methods of literary texts
Research Paper
Semiotics
mostafa bagheri; mostafa Gorji; Fateme koupa; Ali(pedram) Mirzaie
Abstract
The social approach of Eric Landowski's about interactive sign-semantic, which is presented in continuation of Greimas' aesthetic beliefs of guizzo , is a productive approach in literary criticism. The researchers of this study have used this approach in analyzing adaptation of the corporality ...
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The social approach of Eric Landowski's about interactive sign-semantic, which is presented in continuation of Greimas' aesthetic beliefs of guizzo , is a productive approach in literary criticism. The researchers of this study have used this approach in analyzing adaptation of the corporality sign meanings of romantic in Forough Farrokhzad’s poems which are transcendental.
The interaction of the discourse partners in the process of the poet's romantic discourse creates infinite meanings by metamorphosis of the corporality signs. the source of meaning creation occurre with union of me and other.
Corporeal subject and corporeal object create a dynamic and generative texture in a life experience with eachother and the surrounding world in phenomenological understanding. this is in a collection of dynamic physical signs that create a generative texture in an ecstatic text . the movement of chain of ambiguous combinations leads to a pleasant ecstasy in the union of discourse partners.
the authors have investigated three poems named "Vasl". "Fathe bagh" and "Bad ma ra ba khod khahad bord" with a holistic criticism. The result of investigation was that the romantic interaction of discourse partners with physical sign-meanings has been continuous in order to achieve unity and creation of new meanings.
Research Paper
Discourse Analysis
Meisam Khalilinejad; Negar Davari Ardakani
Abstract
In this research, we try to apply linguistics studies to the analysis of novels through critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysts take into consideration those elements of discourse that are hidden medium in order to preserve power hierarchy. Contrary to descriptive-formal survey of language, ...
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In this research, we try to apply linguistics studies to the analysis of novels through critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysts take into consideration those elements of discourse that are hidden medium in order to preserve power hierarchy. Contrary to descriptive-formal survey of language, they contend that language can be used intentionally to support dominance, inequality and struggle against them as well. The novel Bamdad-e Khomaar (The dawn of lassitude) by Fattaneh Haj Seyyed Javadi is analyzed based on Theo Van Leeuwen’s research tools namely activation and passivation, nomination and categorization, identification and functionalization, differentiation, and over determination. The research demonstrates how the analysis of the novel based on linguistic research tools, which were used in this research, can help readers to understand the opinions of the novelist regarding both social classes and women.
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