Research Paper
Discourse Analysis
Fereshteh Mohamadpour; Jalal Rahimian; Mohamadrza Taghavi; Rahman Sahragard
Abstract
Therapeutic discourse is a special type of organizational discourse which is used by psychotherapists when treating their patients. This is highly significant in sociolinguistic studies, for which the present study attempted to shed some light on one aspect of this issue. One of the important communicative ...
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Therapeutic discourse is a special type of organizational discourse which is used by psychotherapists when treating their patients. This is highly significant in sociolinguistic studies, for which the present study attempted to shed some light on one aspect of this issue. One of the important communicative strategies in psychotherapeutic dialogues is implementing feedback markers. The present study aimed at analyzing different types of feedback markers used by male and female psychotherapists during psychotherapeutic sessions for patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Our method is based on the logic of the quantitative and qualitative research within the framework of conversation analysis methodology. The data were collected by recording audio and video of psychotherapy sessions. The corpus contained 1333 markers derived from psychotherapeutic sessions including 630 minutes of conversation. The findings showed that the number of linguistic feedback markers produced by male psychotherapists was higher than those produced by female psychotherapists in psychotherapeutic sessions. While female psychotherapists used a large number of lexical feedback makers, male psychotherapists used plenty of non-lexical makers. The focal point of producing feedback markers are at the end of sentences and utterances carrying falling intonations and after pauses. In this study, ‘understanding and following patients’ remarks” is considered as the major and central meaning of feedback.
Research Paper
Fatemeh Jamshidi; Zahra Abolhassani Chime
Abstract
In this paper, a number of films by two Iranian filmmakers as part of the linguistic corpus was analysed based on van Leeuwen's social semiotics. The attempt has been to answer the questions, "what are the common and different elements of signs of sexism thought in Iranian cinematic texts based ...
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In this paper, a number of films by two Iranian filmmakers as part of the linguistic corpus was analysed based on van Leeuwen's social semiotics. The attempt has been to answer the questions, "what are the common and different elements of signs of sexism thought in Iranian cinematic texts based on the semiotics of language", and "how have these signs been able to indicate the centrality of sexism and socialism in the Iranian society?" The present study uses a descriptive-analytic method. Having a quantitative as well as a qualitative study, the paper uses purposeful sampling to examine the modalities in films. Findings of the study showed unexpected results based on van Leeuwen's model in the number of modalities used by female and male characters in Iranian female director films with a feminist perspective. A similar study was conducted on Iranian male director, and the results showed that the modalities used by male and female characters yielded the full-fledged expectation of Van Leeuwen's pattern with no dominant orientation between the two sexes, and the female and male characters in the film's story naturally used the expected modalities of the pattern used.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
Yousef Aram; Marzieh Kosarifard
Abstract
The term ‘honorifics’ refers to special linguistic forms that are used to signify deference toward the nominal referent or the addressee. The main motive of this research is to identify various types of honorifics during Qajar era based on Ghaem Magham Farahani's Monshi’at. The research ...
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The term ‘honorifics’ refers to special linguistic forms that are used to signify deference toward the nominal referent or the addressee. The main motive of this research is to identify various types of honorifics during Qajar era based on Ghaem Magham Farahani's Monshi’at. The research data included 2221 honorific forms extracted from the above mentioned corpus. The theoretical framework used in this study was the honorifics classification proposed by Shibatani (2006). He classified honorifics into four classes: referent honorifics, addressee honorifics, avoidance languages and beautification. In order to find out the frequency of the honorifics, the data in different qualitative analysis have been analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that referent honorifics are more frequent in the corpus and no particles, prefixes and suffixes are found in the corpus as referent honorific. Moreover, the findings displayed that in addition to categories discussed earlier, we can also add adjectival honorifics and praying phrases to honorifics categories. Furtheremore, the results demonstrated that social status, power and formality were effective in using honorofics in the Qajar era.
Research Paper
Farzane Sadat Hashemi; Faranak Ashrafi; Fariba Ashrafi
Abstract
Jalal Al-e-Ahmad and Honoré de Balzac are two important and renowned authors in Persian and French literature who portrayed the society of their day and the important social issues of that time in two works by the "Nefrin-e-Zamin” and the "Peasants". In this paper, the structure of these ...
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Jalal Al-e-Ahmad and Honoré de Balzac are two important and renowned authors in Persian and French literature who portrayed the society of their day and the important social issues of that time in two works by the "Nefrin-e-Zamin” and the "Peasants". In this paper, the structure of these two works and their social themes are examined from a sociological point of view and based on Lukács's theories. The main hypothesis in this article is based on the principle that to understand literature one must be aware of the social currents of which literature is a part. Literature is the product of economic and social trends. With social criticism the viewpoint of the audience expands. By examining these two works with Lukács's perspective and the comparative study method, it was found that the conditions governing the time of these two authors were somewhat similar in the creation of their work. Both have chosen their heroes from among the weakest strata of society. Both try to convey the facts to the reader by depicting the facts.
Research Paper
Language and Culture
Shokoofe Jafari; Shadi Davari; roya sedigh
Abstract
Language encodes abstract concepts like points of spatial orientations including above, down, back and the like by means of such concrete domains as organ words, nature words, and some verbs. In this research, the process of changing these objective sources into spatial oriention is called directionization. ...
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Language encodes abstract concepts like points of spatial orientations including above, down, back and the like by means of such concrete domains as organ words, nature words, and some verbs. In this research, the process of changing these objective sources into spatial oriention is called directionization. Directionization of lexical sources which refers to concrete examples in nature and are considered part of socio-cultural geography, or in other words, related to human culture and social life in relation to the earth, are used for further understanding and, to encode relative, principal, and metaphorical directions through metaphorical expansion. The present study investigates directionization in Persian based on Heine's (1997) approach, and Davari and Naghzgouy Kohan's (2017; 2017) model was used to determine the dimensions of directionization, or the extent of semantic, morpho-syntactic and phonetic changes of sources. The data were collected from poetry and prose books, proverbs, novels, newspapers and websites. The time span includes Old, Middle and Modern Persian. Results indicate that Persian uses landmark terms such as sky, air, roof and alike for expressing geographical, relative and metaphorical directions, and the mentioned lexical sources have finally suffered a second degree of grammaticalization.
Research Paper
Sociolinguistics
Firoozeh Asghari
Abstract
The aim of this study is to represent the Iranian doctor-patient relationship in the condition of Corona Pandemic and compare it with the story of Enemies by Anton Chekhov. The data includes comments by Iranian citizens in response to the news of the dismissal of some Iranian doctors in the Corona pandemic, ...
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The aim of this study is to represent the Iranian doctor-patient relationship in the condition of Corona Pandemic and compare it with the story of Enemies by Anton Chekhov. The data includes comments by Iranian citizens in response to the news of the dismissal of some Iranian doctors in the Corona pandemic, which has been posted on Internet sites. The research has been conducted with a qualitative approach and using a descriptive-analytical method, based on Van-Dijk's (2006c) ideological square model. Based on the findings, the strategy used in the Iranian citizen's narrative is "emphasis on our positive" including the categories of metaphor, negative representation, polarization and generalization, and the strategies used by Chekhov in the story of the enemies are "emphasis on our positive" and "emphasis on another negative". The results of the research show that due to the social situations and changes in the balance of power, the discourse in both texts is similar and influenced by the context, is biased. This bias not only distorts the truth, but also creates a gap between the two social actors, the citizen and the doctor, in a critical situation, and as a result, they become enemies of each other.
Research Paper
Language & Media
Maryam Farnia; Azade Safi
Abstract
The aim of this cross-cultural study is to investigate conflict management in computer-mediated communication, and to examine users' strategies in online polylogue interaction in response to the posts of LGBTQ groups in the virtual pages of the group's supporters on Instagram. The corpus consisted of ...
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The aim of this cross-cultural study is to investigate conflict management in computer-mediated communication, and to examine users' strategies in online polylogue interaction in response to the posts of LGBTQ groups in the virtual pages of the group's supporters on Instagram. The corpus consisted of 20 Instagram posts with 2071 Persian comments and 1323 English comments collected from July to October 2018, and were analyzed based on Bou-Franch and Blivich's (2014) model of conflict management. The findings showed that defensive/offensive strategies were the most frequently used strategies, which indicated that users in both groups decided to respond to an action that threatened their face or identity. In addition, the frequency of opposing and withdrawing strategies has been higher in Persian than English corpus. Also, the results of inferential statistics show that, in general, the total number of Persian strategies is significantly higher than English, which can be due to its challenging issue and acceptance status in Iranian society.
