Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Faculty of Foreign Languages
10.30473/il.2025.73968.1679
Abstract
The purpose of the study is applied and the method is survey. The statistical population of the study includes teachers and students of English language schools. To conduct this study, four groups were selected as samples; adolescent learners (up to 18 years old), adult learners (over 18 years old), teachers and managers of educational institutions and institutions.
The results of data analysis indicate that most teachers confirmed the lack of attention in educational books to spiritual and religious issues and evaluated this lack of attention as much higher than average. Also, the unequal view of different cultures and civilizations of the world in educational books is one of the things they criticize. The results also show that religious and religious topics do not create much interest among students for education, but topics related to the way of life in the West and topics that show the difference between life in Iran and the West are among the topics of interest to students. The results of the structural equation model analysis of the study also indicate that among the independent variables in the model, the variable of cultural inequality in educational resources (CIE) with a coefficient of (-0.67) had a n
Keywords
Main Subjects
References:
Abedi, Mahsa; Vosoughi, Marjan and Kori, Mohammad Ali (2020) A Sociological Analysis of Communicative Identity and Language Learning Performance among Iranian English Learners: Focusing on Parental Involvement in Language Learning, Journal of English Language Teaching, Volume 9, Issue 2: 140-168. (in Persian)
Amneh Nejabet, Masoud Taj al-Dini, and Neda Fatehi Rad. 2019. "A Study on the Sociology of Language and the Concept of Holistic Learning in Iranian Society: Focusing on the Impact of Sociological and Educational Policies on Self-Efficacy and Oral Skills of Language Learners." Political Sociology of Iran, Summer, No. 10, pp. 524-552. (in Persian)
Asgari, A.(2011). The Compatibility of Cultural Value in Iranian EFL Textbooks. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. Vol. 2. No.4. pp. 887-894. doi: 10.4304/jltr.2.4.887-894.
Asshouri, Dariush (2008). Political Encyclopedia. Tehran. Morvarid Publishing. (in Persian)
Bahreini, Nasrin (2013). Analysis of Cultural Values in English Language Teaching Books. Journal of Cultural Strategy, No. 22: pp. 163-182. (in Persian)
Baldauf, R. B., Jr (2005). Language planning and policy research: An overview. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 957–970). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Beltran, L. R. (1978) Communication and cultural domination: USA-Latin American case. Media Asia
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. Council of Europe publishing: Strasbourg.
Chapelle, C. A. (2009). A hidden curriculum in language textbooks: Are beginning learners of
French at U.S. universities taught about Canada? The Modern Language Journal, 93(2), 139-15.
French at U.S. universities taught about Canada? The Modern Language Journal, 93(2), 139-15.
Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (1996). Cultural mirrors: Materials and methods in the EFL classroom. In S. Benesch, & B. K. F. Wong (Eds.), English language teaching in east asia today (pp. 191–213). Cassell.
Doostizadeh, Mohammad Reza (2008). The Importance of Cultural Transfer in Acquiring Language Skills. Quarterly Journal of Foreign Languages Research. No. 46. (in Persian)
Eftekhari, Seyed Esmaeil (2007). Pathology and Pathophysiology of Foreign Linguistic Elements in Persian Culture and Language. Scientific Research Journal of Imam Hussein University. No. 72. (in Persian)
Ejtehdnejad Kashani, Seyed Salar (2009) Representation of Cultural Development in the Fourth Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Master's Thesis, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communications. (in Persian)
Emitt, M. Pollock, J. & Komesaroff, L. (2003), Language and Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, J. das Gupta (Eds)(1976). Language problems of developing nations (pp. 1–16). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. Teachers College Press
Haji Rostamlou, Qodrat (2006). Traces of Cultural Invasion in English Language Teaching Books. Scientific Research Journal of Imam Hussein University. No. 66. (in Persian)
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York: New York University Press.
Jeynes, W. H. (2018). A practical model for school leaders to encourage parental involvement and parental engagement. School Leadership & Management, 38(2), 147–163.
Kachru, B.B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolingusitic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Qurik & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (pp. 11–36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Press.
Kramsch, C. (2013). Culture in foreign language teaching. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 1(2), 57–78.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465–491.
Lantolf and S. L. Thorne(2006). Sociocultural Theory and The Genesis of Second Language Development. Oxford University Press, 2006.
McKay, S. L. (2002). Teaching English as an international language: Rethinking goals and approaches. Oxford University Press.
Meihemi, Hossein, Esfandiari, Rajab. (1400). A Study of the Content and Cultural Elements of English Language Teaching Books with General and Specific Purposes. Language Science, Corona Special Issue, Year 8, 277-300. (in Persian)
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Phillipson, R. (2009). Linguistic Imperialism continued. London & NY: Routledge.
Rezaian, Mahshid; Ghahari, Shima and Dehmardeh, Mehdi (2017) Sociocultural consequences of English language teaching: Pathology and presentation of the four-facet model, Language and Translation Studies, Winter 2017, No. 4: 123-154. (in Persian)
Ricento, Thomas, (2013) ' Language Policy, Ideology, and Attitudes in English-Dominant Countries', in Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, Oxford Handbooks (2013; online edn, Oxford Academic, 28 Jan. 2013)
Rintaningrum, R., Mahfud, C., Trisyanti, U., Saifulloh, M., & Prasetyo, B. (2022). Home-Based Practical Parents Involvement in Assisting Children Learn English. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 6429-6442. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3343
Ritzer, George (2003). Sociological theory in the contemporary era. Translated by Mohsen Salasi. Tehran: Scientific Publications. (in Persian)
Rose, H., Conama, J.B. (2018) Linguistic imperialism: still a valid construct in relation to language policy for Irish Sign Language. Lang Policy 17, 385–404.
Rostam Beik Tafreshi Atusa and Ramezani Vasokkalai Ahmad (2012). The Role of Culture in Foreign Language Teaching. Critical Research Journal of Humanities Texts and Programs, 12(1), 15-34. (in Persian)
Royanovich Luria, Alexander (1997) Language and cognition. Translated by Habib A... Ghasemzadeh. Tehran. Farhangan. (in Persian)
Sapir, Edward (1921). Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. ISBN 978-4-87187-529-5. ASIN: B000NGWX8I.
Schiller, Herbert (1998). Mass media and the American empire, translated by Ahmad Mir-Abedini. Tehran, Soroush. (in Persian)
Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford University Press. Sharifian, F. (2020). Culture in language teaching and learning: A roadmap. In Advances in cultural linguistics (pp. 333–351). Springer.
Sharabi, Hisham (2006). The new patriarchy. Translated by Ahmad Mothaghi. Tehran. Kavir. (in Persian)
Taga, H.A. (1999), Sociology: An introduction. Ismail Brothers Publishers: Lahore
Tomlinson, John (2002) Globalization and Culture, translated by Mohsen Hakimi, Tehran, Cultural Research Office. (in Persian)
Tradgill, Peter (1997). Sociolinguistics. Translated by Mohammad Tabatabaei. Tehran. Ageh Publications
Yamada, E. (2023). “The views on linguistic imperialism in multicultural classroom” in The IAFOR international conference on Arts & Humanities–Hawaii 2023 official conference proceedings. The International Academic Forum (IAFOR). A graduate school of Osaka University, Japan.
Zarei, Gh.R. (2011). Cultural Effects of L2 Learning: a Case Study of Iranian Learners Learning English. Elsevier Ltd. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol.15. pp. 2048- 2053. Online Available: www.Sciencedirect.com doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.051.
Zhao, Y., Song, L. & Cherrington, R. (2017). Linguistic Imperialism. In M. Byram & A. Hu (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of language teaching and learning 2nd edn. (pp. 417- 420). London & NY: Routledge.
)