Research Paper
Discourse Analysis
Negar Davari Ardakani; Ehsan Hajiani; Fereshteh Saber Latebari
Abstract
We are constantly shaping our world through verbal and nonverbal acts. Verbal communication is generally important for the politicians specifically in the time of the emergence of a crisis. The present article is aimed at looking into leadership communicative strategies,, gender stereotypes and identities ...
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We are constantly shaping our world through verbal and nonverbal acts. Verbal communication is generally important for the politicians specifically in the time of the emergence of a crisis. The present article is aimed at looking into leadership communicative strategies,, gender stereotypes and identities as represented in Coronavirus lockdown speeches delivered by the two prime ministers of New Zealand and Britain and the Chancellor of Germany in March 2020. The study shows that sympathy and convergence as female linguistic stereotypes are deeply nested in Ardern’s and Merkel’s speech. While Johnson’s speech contains elements of the above-mentioned female stereotype, it is also marked by contest, rivalry and dominance. “We” is the most frequent identity activated in the three speeches, however the frequency of inclusive “we” is significantly higher in Ardern’s speech while exclusive “we” is dominant in Johnson’s and Merkel stands in between. The study suggests thorough consideration and application of linguistic choices and decisions by politicians and codification of the discursive regularities by discourse analysts which could lead into promoting political rhetoric. Additionally, the article speculates the emergence of a new effective political rhetoric which questions the normative so-called dominant “male” political discourse.
Research Paper
Other Related Issues
Bistoon Abasi; Belghis Rovshan; Narjes Banoo Sabouri; Mehdi Sabzevari
Abstract
Introduction: Semantic categories have a prototypical structure and consist of central and peripheral meanings. There are some peripheral and accidental meanings at the fuzzy borders of these categories; transient meanings which disappear in the course of time. Some of these meanings may occur in a different ...
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Introduction: Semantic categories have a prototypical structure and consist of central and peripheral meanings. There are some peripheral and accidental meanings at the fuzzy borders of these categories; transient meanings which disappear in the course of time. Some of these meanings may occur in a different time and independent from previous occurrence(s) of the same meaning. Geeraerts (1997) calls this phenomenon “semantic polygenesis.” Semantic polygenesis, on one hand, characterizes prototypicality of meaning and, on the other hand, indicates its social aspect. In this paper we investigated semantic polygenesis in New Persian words’ meanings, from the 10th century (AD) until present.Method: For this research, we examined ten selected words, from the semantic domain of politics and governance, in 113 texts in poetry and prose, and recorded their meanings. Then we designated peripheral meanings and investigated them based on semantic polygenesis conditions. For the purpose of simplicity, we divided the whole period into 100-year intervals coinciding with Hijri centuries, except the last period after the Islamic Revolution of Iran which is 42 year long. The texts allocated to the periods based on their approximate time of writing.Findings: In this research we investigated the meanings of the words āzād ʻfreeʼ, āzādi ʻfreedomʼ, edāre ʻinstitution, managementʼ, enghelāb ʻrevolutionʼ, hokūmat ʻgovernmentʼ, khāje ʻsir, masterʼ, dastūr ʻdecree, commandʼ, dowlat ʻstateʼ, rejim ʻregimeʼ, and siyāsat ʻpoliticsʼ, to find the effect of semantic polygenesis. Five words, āzād, enghelāb, khāje, dastūr, and siyāsat, have peripheral meanings whose reoccurrence can be instances of semantic polygenesis. In total, there have been nine meanings of these five words. Each of the first four words had two meanings, and the last one represented one meaning. These meanings have disappeared within a period, however, they have emerged after a considerable time (probably) independent of their first occurrence.Conclusion: As a result of this research, we found out that nine meanings of five words could be considered as semantic polygenesis instances. The existence of semantic polygenesis means that in a prototypical semantic structure, one meaning can occur in two different periods in the borders of the category of the senses of a word independently. This phenomenon indicates the prototypical characteristic of lexical meaning and, in a micro level, designates fuzzy and instable borders of categories and the existence of peripheral and accidental meanings. Moreover, another aspect of semantic polygenesis reveals the social properties of meaning, as meaning does not exist in isolation or as a priori endowment in the minds of all speakers. The meaning is produced by speakers, or even a single speaker, and then it would be transferred to other speakers.
Research Paper
Dialectology
Tara Mokhtari; Seyed Mehdi Samaei; Bahram Modarresi
Abstract
This essay discusses the typology of case system in four varieties of Turkish language: Azeri, Khalaji, Anatolian and Uzbek Turkish. Case-marking is one of the applied methods to show the grammatical connection between elements of the sentence. It also indicates the grammatical connections between the ...
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This essay discusses the typology of case system in four varieties of Turkish language: Azeri, Khalaji, Anatolian and Uzbek Turkish. Case-marking is one of the applied methods to show the grammatical connection between elements of the sentence. It also indicates the grammatical connections between the noun and verb clauses. Theoretical approach of this study is based on Comrie's approach (1989),which has introduced the five types of languages. The data of the study are gathered from the literality texts and fictions in varieties of each language . According to these data, there are six types of case-marking in Turkish language and its dialect's that There are nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, locative and ablative. The case-marking bound morphemes are presented through suffixes. Transitivity topic is also examined in this research. Since the selected dialects belong to different branches of Turkish language, there are some similarities and differences between them which have been studied typologically.
Research Paper
Language and Culture
Malihe Anooshe; zahra Abolhassani chime; foad moloudi; Fateme Seyed Ebrahiminezhad
Abstract
AbstractShahnameh Ferdowsi, a masterpiece about Ancient Iran, reveals Iranian old culture. This study tries to investigate the conceptualization of the cultural value of respect between parents – children and vice versa among all of the stories in Shahnameh. It figures out how these conceptualizations ...
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AbstractShahnameh Ferdowsi, a masterpiece about Ancient Iran, reveals Iranian old culture. This study tries to investigate the conceptualization of the cultural value of respect between parents – children and vice versa among all of the stories in Shahnameh. It figures out how these conceptualizations are shown and whether they are the same in both groups or not. This paper is based on cultural linguistics and follows its theoretical framework which includes three analytical tools named cultural schema, cultural category and cultural metaphor.The analytical-descriptive approach is used to collect the data and cultural pragmatic schema, a sub-branch of cultural schema, is the criterion for analyzing them. It is found that among 151 couplets, 61 cases are about respect conceptualization from parents toward children and 90 ones refer to respecting parents by children. The results demonstrate that respect conceptualization is observed among all social and family levels and situations even if with various forms; some of them are the same and some are specific to each group.
Research Paper
Language and Culture
hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani; Aliye Nakheipur
Abstract
In sociolinguistics, Color terms are considered as one of the main factors of the language and culture relationship. This research based on the ‘Berlin and Kay (1969) and McNeill (1972) theory’. The main goal is to investigate the influence of natural resources on the Kermanian color terms ...
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In sociolinguistics, Color terms are considered as one of the main factors of the language and culture relationship. This research based on the ‘Berlin and Kay (1969) and McNeill (1972) theory’. The main goal is to investigate the influence of natural resources on the Kermanian color terms and to study color terms used in Kerman carpet. The language community consists of two groups of 15 individuals from over 55 aged people of Kerman and Ravar areas. The first group has the experience and skill in carpet waving and the second group doesn't have. The results of the first part show that Kermanian color terms is relatively similar to universals and also to Persian main color terms . However, the presence of special color term, ‘pestei’ among the frequent used color terms shows that according to McNeill (1972) hypothesis, the natural resources of this region are also effective in abstracting the natural resources for making color term. The results of the second part of the study also showed that although some of color terms in Kerman carpets are common in the popular speech, this influence is not so great that Button spoke with determination from the perspective of relativism.
Research Paper
Discourse Analysis
Razieh Esmaeeli; Jalilollah Faroughi Hendevalan; Hossein Navidinia
Abstract
The present study investigates the discourse characteristics of male and female junior high school students in Birjand based on Lakoff’s (1975) Dominance Approach.This approach maintains that women are inferior to men for cultural, social, etc. reasons, and this is reflected in their discourse. ...
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The present study investigates the discourse characteristics of male and female junior high school students in Birjand based on Lakoff’s (1975) Dominance Approach.This approach maintains that women are inferior to men for cultural, social, etc. reasons, and this is reflected in their discourse. The participants of the study include 278 female students and 278 male students, whose class discourse was recorded for one academic year, and then the corpus was transcribed and analyzed using Glaser and Strauss coding method and chi-square test. The findings indicated that although it was expected that the promotion of public awareness through education, social media, and social developments could have a positive impact on the discourse of target population resulting in some changes in the superiority and inferiority qualities of adolescent boy and girl’s discourse, Lakoff's linguistic distinctions between genders are still true, Adolescent girls have a higher frequency with a significant difference in all criteria which entails a lack of self-confidence, authority and powerless language.
Research Paper
haidar abdollahi; behnaz alipoor gaskari; ayoob moradi; Behnaz payamni
Abstract
Discourse analysis is one of the relatively new theories that was first proposed in politics and social sciences and then entered the literary debate and became the basis for the study and analysis of literary concepts. Discourse analysis took three constructive, role-oriented, and critical paths, until ...
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Discourse analysis is one of the relatively new theories that was first proposed in politics and social sciences and then entered the literary debate and became the basis for the study and analysis of literary concepts. Discourse analysis took three constructive, role-oriented, and critical paths, until Laclau and Moffe eventually added new dimensions to it by combining previous theories and adding new concepts. In this research, socio-political ideas in the poems of Shirko Beiks and Mehdi Akhavan Sales have been studied based on the analysis of Laclau and Moff discourse and the differences and similarities between the views of the two poets on the nodal point (patriotism) and the floating points around it such as freedom, justice, love and human are described. The findings of the present study, which is a descriptive-analytical method based on library and documentary methods, show that both poets have many similarities and in some cases have slight differences in socio-political thought and this was due to the social and cultural commonalities in Persian and Kurdish literature, as well as the special circumstances of the period of the two poets.
