Discourse Analysis
Meisam Khalilinejad; Negar Davari Ardakani
Abstract
In this research, we try to apply linguistics studies to the analysis of novels through critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysts take into consideration those elements of discourse that are hidden medium in order to preserve power hierarchy. Contrary to descriptive-formal survey of language, ...
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In this research, we try to apply linguistics studies to the analysis of novels through critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysts take into consideration those elements of discourse that are hidden medium in order to preserve power hierarchy. Contrary to descriptive-formal survey of language, they contend that language can be used intentionally to support dominance, inequality and struggle against them as well. The novel Bamdad-e Khomaar (The dawn of lassitude) by Fattaneh Haj Seyyed Javadi is analyzed based on Theo Van Leeuwen’s research tools namely activation and passivation, nomination and categorization, identification and functionalization, differentiation, and over determination. The research demonstrates how the analysis of the novel based on linguistic research tools, which were used in this research, can help readers to understand the opinions of the novelist regarding both social classes and women.
Discourse Analysis
Reza Rezaei
Abstract
The role of place is implicitly or explicitly undeniable, in the formation of discourse and the production of meaning. Objectivity and abstraction are two predominant characteristics of places, which each give their place according to their practical context in various discourses. The main question is, ...
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The role of place is implicitly or explicitly undeniable, in the formation of discourse and the production of meaning. Objectivity and abstraction are two predominant characteristics of places, which each give their place according to their practical context in various discourses. The main question is, how can discourses be the place of spatial challenge and pave the way to pass from the state of action to the state of transcendence and imagination? Dissociation from objective space and place, phenomenal aspect of presence and sensory-perceptual reception of place can take shape to spatial transcendence. By adopting the descriptive-analytical research methodology and relying on the "Paris appeared from afar" as the corpus of research, which is a collection of travel descriptions of Qajar period travelers, the author seeks to an answer to the following question, how does enunciator achieve a transcedental and spatial aspect of Paris by negating the actional aspect of the place and by relying on the co-presence surrounded world and sensory –perceptual experience? This perception of the word and live experience reveals the phenomenological aspect of the place ad gives the reader a new insight of the “other place” and existence.
Discourse Analysis
Mohammad Hatefi
Abstract
The poem Bot-Tarash (Idol Maker) by Naderpour has an important place in Iranian romanticism and needs to be studied from a discursive analysis point of view. The main question is what sensory-perceptual components articulate the discursive aspects of the romanticist approach in the text. The hypothesis ...
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The poem Bot-Tarash (Idol Maker) by Naderpour has an important place in Iranian romanticism and needs to be studied from a discursive analysis point of view. The main question is what sensory-perceptual components articulate the discursive aspects of the romanticist approach in the text. The hypothesis is that this discursive articulation is in relationship with pre-discursive orientation of the enunciator and the tensive inter-subjective conditions. The results showed that the changes in the subjective relationships, comes from the semiotic orientation of the enunciator and his previous idea regarding the opposition between the ideal and the real beauty. The enunciator in the text has a theoretical plan for the insufficiency of ideal beauty in the real world. The inability of reality to actualize his imaginative and proverbial dreams causes the formation of despair, pain and anger. Enunciator wants to say that because it is not possible to fulfill his request digitally and through the magical mediation of a myth in the real world, he destroys his beautiful idealistic creature (idol). This is so because the mythical euphoria is forever out of reach and the gap between the ideal and the real will never be removed.
Discourse Analysis
Sedighehsadat Maghdari
Abstract
Begging is a social trauma brought about by various factors such as unemployment, poverty, aging and disability, laziness, addiction, disease, and family issues. This research aims to analyze the representation and application of persuasion techniques in the requests of beggars on a critical discourse ...
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Begging is a social trauma brought about by various factors such as unemployment, poverty, aging and disability, laziness, addiction, disease, and family issues. This research aims to analyze the representation and application of persuasion techniques in the requests of beggars on a critical discourse analysis. The data of the study consist of Salimi's (2018) corpus of dissertation based on 20 beggars in Birjand as well as the discourse of 15 other beggars observed and recorded in the city of Qaen by the reseacher. Then the corpus was analyzed for the use of requests and persuasion techniques in the discourse of beggars in intertextual relation with two other related discourses, namely the discourse of charity and the discourse of work in the research community. The results showed that knowing the pepole's religious belives, especially the importance of alms in preventing disasters and diseases as well as the cultural importance of work value, beggars use all kinds of persuasion techniques to provoke emotions and compassion in pepole. They use a verity of methods, honestly or dishonestly such as verbal techniques including prayer, poetry, oaths, curses, and storytelling that are rhythmically expressed in a sad and effective tone, or non-verbal techniques such as staging, miserable appearance, positioning (temporal and spatial) and effective use of body language to create sympathy in the audience.
Discourse Analysis
Shadi Ansarian; Negar Davari Ardakani
Abstract
Cartoons are media tools published in many newspapers, magazines, Internet news websites and even virtual networks on various fields and themes. They play an important role in expressing and mediating different political, social, economic and cultural concepts. Conceptual metaphor and blending, as cognitive ...
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Cartoons are media tools published in many newspapers, magazines, Internet news websites and even virtual networks on various fields and themes. They play an important role in expressing and mediating different political, social, economic and cultural concepts. Conceptual metaphor and blending, as cognitive processes and communicative-discursive tools, are frequently used in cartoons. These metaphors are often pictorial or verbal-pictorial. The present study investigated a sample of political cartoons published in Fars news agency based on the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), Multimodal Metaphor Theory (Forceville, 1994, 1996, 2009) and Conceptual Blending (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002). The aim of the study is to analyze the role and importance of conceptual metaphor and blending in political cartoons to determine how cognitive, communicative and discursive aspects of metaphors interact with each other in these cartoons. The results of the research show that the metaphor ‘JCPOA is a patient’ adopted from Hassan Rouhani’s speech may give rise to several conceptual mappings between the two conceptual spaces of ‘surgery room’ and ‘JCPOA agreement’ and the argumentative function of this metaphor may well justify Iran's decision to reduce its commitments under JCPOA.
Discourse Analysis
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Maasoum
Abstract
Speech repair is one of the most important tools for successful conversation and communication, which can occur due to different reasons such as misunderstanding the speaker’s words or hearing/speaking problems. Among the types of repair operations, self-initiated self-repair has the highest frequency. ...
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Speech repair is one of the most important tools for successful conversation and communication, which can occur due to different reasons such as misunderstanding the speaker’s words or hearing/speaking problems. Among the types of repair operations, self-initiated self-repair has the highest frequency. Due to the importance of proper communication between teachers and students in classes, especially virtual classes, the present research is a conversation analysis through the study of types of self-initiated self-repair operations in the speech of teachers’ live teaching for primary school students in the Iranian Education (Amouzesh) TV Channel based on the seven-fold classification of Fox& Jasperson (1995). The analysis of 703 minutes of the educational content showed that among 258 cases of repair, the type “abandon structure, start new structure” had the highest frequency (31%) and “recycle word” had the lowest frequency (2%). The results indicate that most of the repairs correspond to a restructuring of the grammatical form of the sentences. Also, a comparison between the first and the second primary school programs showed that there is not a significant correlation between the educational level of the audience and the frequency of the repairs applied by the teacher.
Discourse Analysis
Shahin Sheikh S. T
Abstract
Discourse markers are a group of words or linguistic elements that make connections between the speech segments or sentences without having a role in their semantic meanings. Fraser (2009) divided discourse markers in three groups: elaborative, inferential and contrastive markers. Fraser has considered ...
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Discourse markers are a group of words or linguistic elements that make connections between the speech segments or sentences without having a role in their semantic meanings. Fraser (2009) divided discourse markers in three groups: elaborative, inferential and contrastive markers. Fraser has considered words such as and,but and soas primary discourse markers. In this study, we investigated all kinds of discourse markers especially the primary discourse markers in Persian conversations. The data were collected from a large Persian telephone conversation database. Thirty conversations for 10 hours and 36 minutes with different topics have been selected,and were analyzed based on Fraser’s classification. The results showed that the discourse markers “va” (and), “vali” (but) and “ba’d” (then) have the highest frequency and are considered as the primary discourse markers in Persian conversations. Moreover, there are other expressions in Persian which are produced through the combination of two discourse markers like “vali khob” (but well) and “va ba’d” (and then). These expressions although were not mentioned by Fraser, have a broad application in Persian and therefore can be considered as compound discourse markers.
Discourse Analysis
Alireza Ahmadizadeh; aliakbar amini; smaeil mansouri larijani
Abstract
With the aim of understanding the hidden layers and knowing the desired effects of this letter, the present article has adopted a discourse analysis approach to analyze the letters based on Searle’s (2015) category of speech act and its structural features. For this purpose, first, the text of ...
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With the aim of understanding the hidden layers and knowing the desired effects of this letter, the present article has adopted a discourse analysis approach to analyze the letters based on Searle’s (2015) category of speech act and its structural features. For this purpose, first, the text of the letter was divided into utterances, and then their respective speech acts were identified. The findings showed that out of a total of 22 actions, representative acts with 8, directive acts with 7 and expressive acts with 6 occurrences were the most frequently used speech acts in this letter. Moreover, the declarative act had only one occurrence, and the communicative speech act was absent in the corpus. The frequency of directive and representative speech acts in this letter indicates that Imam (A.S., peace be upon Him) has tried to prevent Muawiya from war through ‘warning’, ‘ordering’, and ‘advising’. In this letter, each action was expressed with a specific style and structure, and the type of words and the structure of the sentences were used in harmony with the action.
Keywords: Nahj al-Balaghah, letter 10, speech action, cognitive text, Searle
Discourse Analysis
Mina Mahdikhani; Seyed Ali Asgar Soltani; Hossein Eskandari
Abstract
Discursive psychology considers body as a construct of discourse, and discourse is action-oriented in this approach. The increasing number of cosmetic surgeries in the country and its consequent risks, changed the study of the beauty phenomenon and its new concept into a serious problem. Therefore, the ...
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Discursive psychology considers body as a construct of discourse, and discourse is action-oriented in this approach. The increasing number of cosmetic surgeries in the country and its consequent risks, changed the study of the beauty phenomenon and its new concept into a serious problem. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study warrants in Iranian female’s discourse based on discursive psychology approach. This analytic theoretical approach focuses on speech and writing and considers the understanding of psychological phenomenon in the social context possible. This study is qualitative, and the data were analyzed based on Ruth Wood Dock’s (1985) warrants and Talmin's (1995) model. The data were collected from blogger's interviews and lives on Instagram. The interviewees are ten female bloggers between twenty to thirty from homogeneous areas in Tehran. The results confirm that the female body and the embodied identity are produced, understood and validated through simple and everyday practices and human physics plays an essential role in formation of myself or identity. The use of warrants such as being beautiful, making money and buisiness success in the bloggers' discourse is a guarantee for the realization of appreciation of the operated body, complaining about the current body and accepting responsibility for surgeries.
Discourse Analysis
Negar Davari Ardakani; Ehsan Hajiani; Fereshteh Saber Latebari
Abstract
We are constantly shaping our world through verbal and nonverbal acts. Verbal communication is generally important for the politicians specifically in the time of the emergence of a crisis. The present article is aimed at looking into leadership communicative strategies,, gender stereotypes and identities ...
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We are constantly shaping our world through verbal and nonverbal acts. Verbal communication is generally important for the politicians specifically in the time of the emergence of a crisis. The present article is aimed at looking into leadership communicative strategies,, gender stereotypes and identities as represented in Coronavirus lockdown speeches delivered by the two prime ministers of New Zealand and Britain and the Chancellor of Germany in March 2020. The study shows that sympathy and convergence as female linguistic stereotypes are deeply nested in Ardern’s and Merkel’s speech. While Johnson’s speech contains elements of the above-mentioned female stereotype, it is also marked by contest, rivalry and dominance. “We” is the most frequent identity activated in the three speeches, however the frequency of inclusive “we” is significantly higher in Ardern’s speech while exclusive “we” is dominant in Johnson’s and Merkel stands in between. The study suggests thorough consideration and application of linguistic choices and decisions by politicians and codification of the discursive regularities by discourse analysts which could lead into promoting political rhetoric. Additionally, the article speculates the emergence of a new effective political rhetoric which questions the normative so-called dominant “male” political discourse.
Discourse Analysis
Razieh Esmaeeli; Jalilollah Faroughi Hendevalan; Hossein Navidinia
Abstract
The present study investigates the discourse characteristics of male and female junior high school students in Birjand based on Lakoff’s (1975) Dominance Approach.This approach maintains that women are inferior to men for cultural, social, etc. reasons, and this is reflected in their discourse. ...
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The present study investigates the discourse characteristics of male and female junior high school students in Birjand based on Lakoff’s (1975) Dominance Approach.This approach maintains that women are inferior to men for cultural, social, etc. reasons, and this is reflected in their discourse. The participants of the study include 278 female students and 278 male students, whose class discourse was recorded for one academic year, and then the corpus was transcribed and analyzed using Glaser and Strauss coding method and chi-square test. The findings indicated that although it was expected that the promotion of public awareness through education, social media, and social developments could have a positive impact on the discourse of target population resulting in some changes in the superiority and inferiority qualities of adolescent boy and girl’s discourse, Lakoff's linguistic distinctions between genders are still true, Adolescent girls have a higher frequency with a significant difference in all criteria which entails a lack of self-confidence, authority and powerless language.
Discourse Analysis
Nastaran Kiyanpour; mohammad reza oroji; Behzad Rahbar
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of critically analyzing the first discourse of Trump and Rouhani on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Program from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar (Halliday, 1985). To this end, the first speech of the two presidents on the ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of critically analyzing the first discourse of Trump and Rouhani on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Program from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar (Halliday, 1985). To this end, the first speech of the two presidents on the subject of the JCPOA were selected and transcribed for analyses. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses including frequency and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were used for data analyses. Findings revealed the hidden ideologies of the two previous presidents of the United States and Iran, which were Iranophobia and Anti-Americanism respectively. Both were found to emphasize his positive self-presentation and other’s negative presentation. Both intended to put each other into blame for the chaos in the region. Rohani highlighted the national unity, the role of the Revolutionary Guard in the assistance of the oppressed people of the region, and Iran’s role in the provision of peace and calm in the region, whereas Trump referred to Iran’s Nuclear ambitions and the Revolutionary Guard’s role in the ignition of fire of unrest and chaos in the region. Moreover, results showed that Functional Grammar could be used alone to critically analyze political discourses, and also with the help of three experiential, interpersonal and textual metafunctions, this language model can analyze the speeches of both presidents. Moreover, the ideologies behind each text could be identified and their purposes be disclosed based on the elements in each metafunction such as the use of pronouns, tenses, adverbs, processes and themes used in both texts.
Discourse Analysis
Mavadat Saidi; Zahra Cheraghi; Malihe Mousavi
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the use of evaluative resources in academic and popular science articles published in Iranian scholarly journals and popular media in the field of nutrition in light of Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal theory. The corpus of the study consisted of 80 articles ...
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The current study aimed to investigate the use of evaluative resources in academic and popular science articles published in Iranian scholarly journals and popular media in the field of nutrition in light of Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal theory. The corpus of the study consisted of 80 articles including 40 academic research articles and 40 popular science articles. The results of the analysis of two groups of articles in terms of Appraisal resources revealed that authors used more Attitude resources followed by Engagement resources and Graduation resources. Among Attitude markers, the authors of Persian academic research and popular science articles employed appreciation resources more frequently. Furthermore, the results of several Chi-Square tests also revealed a significant difference between Persian academic research and popular science articles considering the frequency of Attitude and Engagement resources but not Graduation resources of Appraisal Theory. The findings can be transferred to pedagogical grounds through embedding Appraisal resources in writing courses and employing them to enhance the quality and efficiency of the interaction between the writers- scientists and their intended readers- scholarly or non-scholarly.
Discourse Analysis
Abbas Ali Ahangar; Amir Ali Khoshkhoonejad; Soheila Khademi
Abstract
Cinema represents political, social and cultural realities. Critical discourse analysis also signifies linguistic text realities based on features such as ideology, society, culture and policy. The purpose of the present research is to provide a study of sociol discourses of the movie Cow based on Laclau ...
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Cinema represents political, social and cultural realities. Critical discourse analysis also signifies linguistic text realities based on features such as ideology, society, culture and policy. The purpose of the present research is to provide a study of sociol discourses of the movie Cow based on Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) theory. To this end, the full text of the conversations of the movie Cow was examined. Then, th data were described and analyzed for the discourse features proposed in Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) theory. The results of the study indicate that the discourse of the movie is articulated around the central signifier Cow’s death" and the floating signifiers such as "poverty", "being religious", "unemployment", "closed society", "lying", "dependency on Cow", "unity", "unawareness" and "metamorphosis". In addition, the dominant discourses of the movie are "religion, tradition and collectivism". Through the examination of the highlights and background features of role of the actors and actresses in the movie Cow, it was found that the signifiers "lying", "metamorphosis" and "poverty" are highlighted in this movie whereas the floating signifier "being religious" is backgrounded.
Discourse Analysis
Somaye Shokati Mogharab; Alireza Khormaee; Amirsaeid Moloodi; Mohammad Reza Tajik
Abstract
This study aims to use cognitive critical discourse analysis in analyzing the first statements of the recent presidents of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the General Assembly of the United Nations. It seeks to capture how each discourse makes antagonisms through applying metonymy-producing relationships. ...
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This study aims to use cognitive critical discourse analysis in analyzing the first statements of the recent presidents of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the General Assembly of the United Nations. It seeks to capture how each discourse makes antagonisms through applying metonymy-producing relationships. The main question is how identity and its otherness are articulated in the context of the Iranian presidents’ statements in the UN’s General Assembly and which factors and signs in the metonymy-producing relationships serve this representation. The theoretical framework of this study is composed of Hall’s (2011) approach to discourse analysis based on cognitive linguistics, Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) Discourse Theory, and Radden and Kövecses (1999) conceptual metonymy. The findings show that each president through using metonymy-producing relationships, profiles some vehicles that both negatively foreground some aspects of the other’s identities, and avoid explicit other-making and overt antagonism with them. On the other hand, all the discourses apply similar metonymys; this behavior denotes their common root as subdiscourses of the Islamic revolution’s metadiscourse.
Discourse Analysis
Fereshteh Mohamadpour; Jalal Rahimian; Mohamadrza Taghavi; Rahman Sahragard
Abstract
Therapeutic discourse is a special type of organizational discourse which is used by psychotherapists when treating their patients. This is highly significant in sociolinguistic studies, for which the present study attempted to shed some light on one aspect of this issue. One of the important communicative ...
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Therapeutic discourse is a special type of organizational discourse which is used by psychotherapists when treating their patients. This is highly significant in sociolinguistic studies, for which the present study attempted to shed some light on one aspect of this issue. One of the important communicative strategies in psychotherapeutic dialogues is implementing feedback markers. The present study aimed at analyzing different types of feedback markers used by male and female psychotherapists during psychotherapeutic sessions for patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Our method is based on the logic of the quantitative and qualitative research within the framework of conversation analysis methodology. The data were collected by recording audio and video of psychotherapy sessions. The corpus contained 1333 markers derived from psychotherapeutic sessions including 630 minutes of conversation. The findings showed that the number of linguistic feedback markers produced by male psychotherapists was higher than those produced by female psychotherapists in psychotherapeutic sessions. While female psychotherapists used a large number of lexical feedback makers, male psychotherapists used plenty of non-lexical makers. The focal point of producing feedback markers are at the end of sentences and utterances carrying falling intonations and after pauses. In this study, ‘understanding and following patients’ remarks” is considered as the major and central meaning of feedback.
Discourse Analysis
Saeed Khazaie; Farzaneh Khodabandeh; Sobhan Nemati
Abstract
The way people exchange information or address one another has attracted the attention of researchers all around the world. This study endeavored to compare the address terms used in Iranian and American social and political talk shows in English. To reach the goals of this study, a corpus which included ...
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The way people exchange information or address one another has attracted the attention of researchers all around the world. This study endeavored to compare the address terms used in Iranian and American social and political talk shows in English. To reach the goals of this study, a corpus which included Iranian and American English address forms was selected. The address forms used in this study included recorded digital files of authentic TV talk shows, both Iranian and American through the use of digital receivers to observe them deliberately for address forms. The data of this study derived from observation of spoken discourse. Based on the classification of address forms by Manjulakshi (2004), a new classification developed by the researchers to identify different address forms in this corpus. As the results showed, the overall examination of the address terms provided in this study makes it clear that Iranian address terms are relatively formal and culturally, socially and politically loaded. In American address terms used in political and social talk shows, terms such as personal names are widely used. This may be indicative of the fact that Americans in media, as in society, prefer to be less formal. The findings of this study can be used by curriculum and material developers to consider aspects of cultural differences in different contexts of situation.
Discourse Analysis
Mahsa Kamalpoor; Shahram Modarres Khiabani; Mohammad Javad Hejazi
Abstract
The projection and reflection of thoughts, beliefs and generally ideology in linguistic forms is one of the considerable foci in many areas of linguistics, including critical discourse analysis. Literary texts are adopted from authors' hidden ideology to direct addresser toward what they have in their ...
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The projection and reflection of thoughts, beliefs and generally ideology in linguistic forms is one of the considerable foci in many areas of linguistics, including critical discourse analysis. Literary texts are adopted from authors' hidden ideology to direct addresser toward what they have in their mind. On the other hand, with the development of studies on corpus linguistics, the analysis of large volumes of linguistic data has already been provided. One of the important concepts in linguistics is keyness. Keywords do not mean the most frequent words in a corpus, but rather words that have a higher frequency in a particular text than is expected of a corpus. In this study, based on Baker's (2006) theoretical approach, we analyzed the keywords in two works of Jalal Al-e Ahmad, "Khasi dar Mighat" and "Gharbzadegi", investigating the social and political atmosphere of the works. To this end, after creating a reference corpus of Al-e Ahmad's other works, Word Smith tools was used for data analysis and 20 keywords were extracted and analyzed in the form of sample sentences.The results showed the reflection of Jalal al-e Ahmad's ideology such as criticizing the westoxification, caroxification, rooting failure causes, achieving Iranian society for freedom, and attempt to preserve cultural identity in these two works.
Discourse Analysis
shirin asghari; arsalan golfam; Faezeh Farazandehpour
Abstract
The link between language and literature in transferring ideologies is an attractive and practical field in contemporary linguistics. Since, in addition to the language, our way of thinking is metaphorical, one can achieve the dominant thinking in a discourse by examining the metaphors of a text. ...
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The link between language and literature in transferring ideologies is an attractive and practical field in contemporary linguistics. Since, in addition to the language, our way of thinking is metaphorical, one can achieve the dominant thinking in a discourse by examining the metaphors of a text. The study of prevailing thoughts in fiction is important because of the interaction between the audience and the community. In this research, the effect of feminist ideology was evaluated through the analysis of conceptual metaphors. The quantitative data of this research, which were examined through a descriptive-analytic method have consisted of 136 conceptual metaphors with the female target domain, selected and evaluated from the works of six male and female authors (of the eighties(AH)). The results indicated that 17 source domains including animal, plant, food, dish, struggle, religion, object, trade, occupation, well, water, fire, light, instrument, event, mountain and the mine is used to conceptualize the female. A few metaphors have been influenced by feminist thinking in the discourse of the story, and the feminist ideology of dominant thinking is not considered in this decade, although the stereotypical attitude toward women has been somehow changed in these fictional works, the dominant ideology still looks traditional.
Language & Media
Ali Karimi Firozjaei; Fateme Jamshidi
Abstract
Mass media pave the way for expressing social affairs and people’s lives at the national and international levels. As a powerful and influential tool, Cinema plays a significant role in attracting audiences to express social issues. Using Fairclaough model for critical discourse analysis and descriptive ...
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Mass media pave the way for expressing social affairs and people’s lives at the national and international levels. As a powerful and influential tool, Cinema plays a significant role in attracting audiences to express social issues. Using Fairclaough model for critical discourse analysis and descriptive and qualitative method, this research investigates one of the branches of sociolinguistics, namely, the impact of the gender on the representation of social issues in Rag-e-Khab. The population of this study is Iranian cinema movies, and Rage-e-Khab, selected through a purposive sampling method, was analyzed for the purpose of this study. The main questions are: How does the movie Rage-e-Khab represent gender? How are the men and women represented in the film's story? The findings of this study show that the female character of the story owes her luck to the presence of a man whom she does not know very well, and builds a world with her emotional and fragile beliefs stemming from her mistaken view of life. The man's character in the story betrays the woman and abuses her fragile psychological conditions after separation, and ultimately destroys the love in the woman, yet he remains in the life of the woman in the story. This woman represents a part of those in society who grew up unknowingly disregarding their surroundings and neglected the advice of the father, which was portrayed in the film as the society. As a result, women confronted with the bitter truth of deception and, ultimately, this internal collapse recreates them and makes them meaningful.
Language & Media
Farideh Haghbin; Narjes Monfared
Abstract
The present sociolinguistic research aimes to study the discourse of ambient billboards in Tehran in order to identify, by means of inter-semiotic cohesive devices, the aspects which lead to the development of meaning in this minimal medium. Accordingly, the present study attempts to address the question ...
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The present sociolinguistic research aimes to study the discourse of ambient billboards in Tehran in order to identify, by means of inter-semiotic cohesive devices, the aspects which lead to the development of meaning in this minimal medium. Accordingly, the present study attempts to address the question "How inter-textual elements of Tehran ambient billboards could create meaning in relating to intra-textual elements? In order to analyze and represent the unknown aspects of meaning, a mixed model with a multivariate approach has been used to analyze the intrinsic meta-analysis constructs at different levels and with respect to the intertextual links in the context. The data were collected using field and documentary method. After the data were collected through cluster random smapling, they were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The findings showed that the resemioticisation of non-peripheral text in the context of Tehran ambient billboards was influenced by features of urban areas or religious, historical, cultural or commercial sites, extending the dimensions of meaningfulness. Also, the resemioticisation of the texture of the position of the ambient billboards of Tehran was based on the reference to the structures of the texture of peripheral text, the development of texture in relation to the context of the perimeter position, and the presence of structures of the perimeter context in the text of the billboards, which has led to the expansion of the dimensions of the miniaturization of this minimal medium.
Discourse Analysis
Malahat Shabani Minaabad; shabnam Alimohammadi
Abstract
Graffiti is a type of vandalism and a kind of social abnormality which among its main manifestations are writing and engraving on the walls of schools, universities and public institutions. The objective of this research is to study the content of bench-writings and graffiti at secondary schools and ...
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Graffiti is a type of vandalism and a kind of social abnormality which among its main manifestations are writing and engraving on the walls of schools, universities and public institutions. The objective of this research is to study the content of bench-writings and graffiti at secondary schools and universities of Ardabil city, taking into account the variables of sex, age and education based on Durkheim’s (1995) theory of abnormal behavior. The data were analyzed for the concepts such as love, life, names, time, pictures and education. The present research is a descriptive-correlational study. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there is a significant difference in the content of bench-writing and graffiti of high schools and universities in the city of Ardabil from sociolinguistic point of view. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between sex, age, education and content of graffiti in high schools. However, there is no significant difference in a variety of themes related to love and different types of life themes depicted on graffiti and bench-writings of schools and universities.
Language and Culture
shahrzad bahmani; ayoob moradi; aliasghar bovandshahryari
Abstract
Linguistic analysis is part of discourse analysis methods to identify linguistic features that are described at the micro level. The purpose of the present study is to decode the formal and linguistic characteristics of mythological discourse of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on Faircloug’s theoretical ...
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Linguistic analysis is part of discourse analysis methods to identify linguistic features that are described at the micro level. The purpose of the present study is to decode the formal and linguistic characteristics of mythological discourse of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on Faircloug’s theoretical framework. According to linguistic studies, the organization of vocabulary in the interaction with the speaker's knowledge is presented in three intermittent periods: the role of language on the structure of the discourse-producing worldview of ideology and the role of the first man, the expressive values of vocabulary, and the social relations of the identities of the text, and the coherent design to the formation of discourse and stories. On the basis of lexical variables, the third period is in the highest number of types of semantic relations in the center of the repetition of the ideological mythology. The grammatical features in the tables show the role of the thinkers, the interlocutors, and the expression of language in the selection of the names of characters and the formation of the epic genre of discourse. The qoutying styles of indirect quotation in reporting information shows the source of the speaker's authority and the social constructivism of the text in interacting with the racial basis. Also, pronoun references are the most coherent factor in linguistic transcription in the production of statements with the reference of old identities (known).
Language & Media
Mahnaz Talebi Dastenaee; Mandana Nourbakhsh; Hamideh Poshtvan
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have been done on the impact of different speech styles on the changes of prosodic elements. Sociophonetics examines the combination of techniques, elements, and theoretical frameworks in phonology and sociology. The present study, within the framework of sociophonetics ...
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In recent years, numerous studies have been done on the impact of different speech styles on the changes of prosodic elements. Sociophonetics examines the combination of techniques, elements, and theoretical frameworks in phonology and sociology. The present study, within the framework of sociophonetics studies, examines the effect of context on the fundamental frequency, intensity and duration of identical word pairs and paragraphs in two different religious and nonreligious contexts using PRAAT software version 5.4.17. For this purpose, ten female participants with an average age of 29 years were asked to read 8 paragraphs (4 paragraphs with religious context and 4 paragraphs with non-religious context).Each paragraph contains one of the target research names (Fatemeh, Mohammad, Abbas, and Hossein). The purpose is to study the difference between the average fundamental frequency (Hz), duration (ms), and intensity (dB) in the same words but in both religious and non-religious contexts. The results show that the difference between the duration of identical word pairs in the two religious and non-religious contexts is statistically significant, meaning that the duration of the words in the religious context was longer.
Discourse Analysis
Fateme Foroughan Geransaye; Amirsaeid Moloodi; Alireza Khormaee
Abstract
Sexism in language is a well-known discourse in linguistics. In sexist language, the choice of particular linguistic variations leads to gender bias in favor of one gender and against the other. Sexism has been widely researched through the corpus-based methods in international studies but it has not ...
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Sexism in language is a well-known discourse in linguistics. In sexist language, the choice of particular linguistic variations leads to gender bias in favor of one gender and against the other. Sexism has been widely researched through the corpus-based methods in international studies but it has not been investigated by analytical corpus processes in Iranian contexts. This study discusses sexism in Persian language word formation in Hamshahri Corpus version 2 based on Baker’s (2006, 2010, 2017) corpus-based approach. To this end, the words formed by the morphemes man and woman were selected as the representative words in each gender category and the frequency and concordance were explored using Antconc. The data were then examined by first assigning semantic values to the corpus and then running statistical tests. The results showed the existence of sexism in the word formation of the Contemporary Written Persian Language; it seems that the morpheme man is used more frequently than woman in forming words in Persian Language. Moreover, the findings showed that positive characters are represented by the morpheme man and negative characters are represented by the morpheme woman. This study can reveal parts of Iranian’s viewpoints of sexism in order to stop such a social problem.
